The importance of sustainability development for developing countries and their tourism is a major issue. This study presents a new approach and framework for spatial modelling of tourism products potentials (TPP) in their sustainability evaluation. The approach was developed based on the GIS multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and its performance was evaluated for spatial TPP mapping in Tabriz city, Iran. To achieve this purpose, we recognized the main Components of Tourism Development indicators (CTDI) such as attractions, accommodation, services and infrastructures facilities to improving sustainable tourism, and determined their significance using the Geographic information systems (GIS). Furthermore, the uncertainty analyze was applied to diminish the inherent error in criteria weights. A GIS-based aggregation function was applied to discern the TPP map. Finally, the emphasis in this paper investigates the practical usage of GIS for the benefit of sustainable tourism development. In particular, it inquired the possible opportunities and challenges facing the adoption of GIS to assist sustainable tourism development. The purpose of this article is to map and explore existing and potential attractions, tourism services and facilities in Tabriz and to ensure that potential opportunities are available for all tourists to enjoy enjoyable experiences in order to reveal their diverse economic, social, political and cultural benefits. Build on the positive and negative aspects of their construction and present them with appropriate solutions for tourism development that lead to sustainable tourism development and infrastructure improvement.

Orthodox microeconomics Decision-Making models are based on optimization but in the real world, most of decisions are institutionally and based on habits, rules and predetermined solutions. In this paper we have combined some concepts from cognitive-behavioral economics and new institutional economics to characterize institutional Decision-Making. Evidences from cognitive and behavioral economics show that the mental costs of direct optimization, even in simplest forms, are high and agents tend to make decisions institutionally to reduce this mental costs. Coase and Williamson argue that "non-zero transaction costs" can result “ hierarchy” replaced instead of “ market” and similarly we argue that "non-zero decision Making costs" can result “ institutional decision Making” replaced instead of “ direct optimization” . Religious behavior is a kind of institutional behavior (following religious rules and habits) and considering this view that institutional decision Making and direct optimization both are important and both have distinctive roles in decision Making process can influence microfoundations of Islamic economics.

Theoretically, the method and the extent of people's accessibility to the necessary information for decision Making have a direct effect on what is going on in the market. Given the fact that the investors financial behavior and the decision Making process in stock exchange originates from different factors, the present study sought to identify the influential factors. First the data was gathered through a questionnaire, then factor analysis was performed and finally, the political, economic and psychological factors along with the financial variables in the corporation were deeply investigated through course analysis and using Lisrel software. Findings indicated that the political, psychological, economic and financial factors respectively influenced the stock holders' decision Making at Tehran stock exchange.

The purpose of this research is to identify effective criteria for measuring competitive position of certain products of Shahdiran company, a regional major food and juice producer in Iran. To determine the criteria and their relative importance, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used by organizing a decision team consisting of 6 top managers of the company. Four major competitors (based on market share) were selected for comparison purposes. Cook and Seiford’s developed model which consists of 19 successive steps was used to determine the company’s competitive position. For that, questionnaires based on Saaty scale, were designed to determine; effective criteria, relative importance of each criterion, and company’s rank from retailer’s point of view.A survey research was also conducted to identify the position of other food product retailers in Mashhad as competitors. As a result, company's position in comparison with its four major competitors was determined through using 20 known criteria and market mix. The research further revealed that Alpha totally holds the first rank among its nearest competitors in the regional market while it holds rank 1 for product, 3 for price, 1 for place and finally the second rank for promotion.

Decision Making on Making/buying problem has always been a challenge to decision makers. In this paper a methodology has been proposed to resolve this challenge. This methodology is capable of evaluating Making/buying decision Making under uncertainty. For uncertainty, the fuzzy logic and simulation approaches have been used. The proposed methodology can be applied to parts with multi stage manufacturing processes and different suppliers. Therefore this methodology provides a scale for decision Making from full outsourcing to full manufacturing and with selecting appropriate supplier.

Today, the advantage of biotechnology, especially from an environmental aspect, is undeniable compared to other technologies. Kimia Gharb Gostar Industries Company (KGGICO) - the largest producer of citric acid in the Middle East, is one of the companies that applies biotechnology. Citrogypsum is a by–product of citric acid production and is considered a valid residuum of this company. In this paper, acid citric production and condition of citrogypsum production in the company were introduced besides the definition of citrogypsum production and its applications around the world. Based on this information and the evaluation of present conditions regarding Iran’s demands for citrogypsum, the best priority was introduced, and strategy selection and proper programming emphasized for self-sufficiency. The Delphi technique was used to elicit expert opinions about the criteria for evaluating the usages. The criteria identified by the experts were profitability, capacity of production, the degree of investment, marketable, production ease, and time of production. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software were used to compare the alternatives based on the criteria derived from the Delphi process.